Red Cross Lifeguard Practice Test

A patron slips underwater without struggle. This indicates they are likely:

1. A passive victim who needs help.

2. A distressed swimmer who needs help.

3. An active victim who needs help.

4. An intermediate swimmer who does not need help.

The correct answer is: A passive victim who needs help.

When a patron slips underwater without struggle, it is indicative of a passive victim. This behavior typically suggests that the individual is unable to stay above water, which may be due to a variety of factors, including exhaustion, panic, or a medical emergency. Unlike a distressed swimmer, who is actively trying to save themselves while signaling for assistance, a passive victim is usually unconscious or semi-conscious and does not exhibit any signs of struggle or movement. Therefore, they require immediate help, as they are at a significant risk of drowning. Understanding the distinction between the different types of victims is crucial for lifeguards. Active victims struggle and may thrash about in the water, while distressed swimmers may be calling for help or attempting to stay afloat. An intermediate swimmer who does not need help generally maintains their ability to swim and stay above water without distress. Recognizing these behaviors is vital for responding appropriately in emergency situations.